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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

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For the transition period from                to               

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Commission file number: 001-36870

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TopBuild Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

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(386) 304-2200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

⌧ Yes            ◻ No

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  

◻ Yes            ⌧ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

⌧ Yes           ◻ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

⌧ Yes           ◻ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  

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Large accelerated filer   ⌧      Accelerated filer   ◻    Non-accelerated filer    ☐   Smaller reporting company  ◻    Emerging growth company ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ◻

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐Yes            ⌧ No

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The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price of $197.78 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $6.5 billion.

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Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 14, 2022:  32,927,185

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2021, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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TOPBUILD CORP.

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GLOSSARY

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We use acronyms, abbreviations, and other defined terms throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as defined in the glossary below:

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

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Statements contained in this Annual Report that reflect our views about future periods, including our future plans and performance, constitute “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “will,” “would,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “believe,” “designed,” “plan,” or “intend,” the negative of these terms, and similar references to future periods.  These views involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and, accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in our forward-looking statements.  We caution you against unduly relying on any of these forward-looking statements.  Our future performance may be affected by the duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the United States economy, specifically with respect to residential and commercial construction, our ability to continue operations in markets affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and our ability to collect our receivables from our customers, our reliance on residential new construction, residential repair/remodel, and commercial construction; our reliance on third-party suppliers and manufacturers; our ability to attract, develop, and retain talented personnel and our sales and labor force; our ability to maintain consistent practices across our locations; our ability to maintain our competitive position; and our ability to realize the expected benefits of our acquisitions.  We discuss the material risks we face under the caption entitled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.  Our forward-looking statements in this Annual Report speak only as of the date of this Annual Report.  Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all of them.  Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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PART I

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Item 1.  BUSINESS

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Overview

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TopBuild Corp., headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida, is a leading installer and specialty distributor of insulation and other building material products to the construction industry in the United States and Canada.  On July 1, 2015, we began trading on the NYSE under the symbol “BLD.”

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Segment Overview

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We operate in two segments: our Installation segment, which accounts for 68% of our sales, and our Specialty Distribution segment, which accounts for 32% of our sales.  

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We believe that having both Installation and Specialty Distribution provides us with a number of distinct competitive advantages.  First, the combined buying power of our two business segments, along with our scale, strengthens our ties to the major manufacturers of insulation and other building material products.  This helps to ensure we are buying competitively and ensures the availability of supply to our local branches and distribution centers.   The overall effect is driving efficiencies through our supply chain.  Second, being a leader in both installation and specialty distribution allows us to reach a broader set of builders and contractors more effectively, regardless of their size or geographic location in the U.S. and Canada, and leverage housing and commercial construction growth wherever it occurs.  Third, during housing industry downturns, many insulation contractors who buy directly from manufacturers during industry peaks return to purchasing through specialty distributors.  As a result, this helps to reduce our exposure to cyclical swings in our business. 

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Installation

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We provide insulation installation services nationwide through our contractor services business which has approximately 235 branches located across the United States.

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Various insulation applications we install include:

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In addition to insulation products, which represented 79% of our Installation segment’s sales during the year ended December 31, 2021, we install other building products including glass and windows, rain gutters, afterpaint products, fireproofing, garage doors, and fireplaces.  

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We handle every stage of the installation process including material procurement supplied by leading manufacturers, project scheduling and logistics, multi-phase professional installation, and installation quality assurance.  The amount of insulation installed in a new home or commercial building is regulated by various building and energy codes.  

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Our Installation customer base includes national and regional single-family homebuilders, single-family custom builders, multi-family builders, commercial general contractors, remodelers, and individual homeowners.  

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Through our TopBuild Home Services, Inc. subsidiary (“Home Services”) and our Environments for Living^® program, we offer services and tools designed to assist builders with applying the principles of building science to new home construction.  We offer pre-construction plan reviews using industry-standard home-energy analysis software, various inspection services, and diagnostic testing.  Home Services is one of the top ten Home Energy Rating System Index (HERS) raters in the U.S.

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Specialty Distribution

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We distribute building and mechanical insulation, insulation accessories and other building product materials for the residential, commercial, and industrial end markets through our Specialty Distribution business. In addition to insulation and accessories, we distribute rain gutters, fireplaces, closet shelving, and roofing materials, among other items. Insulation and insulation accessories, primarily fiberglass and spray foam, comprise approximately 82% of our Specialty Distribution sales.  We have approximately 155 distribution centers across the United States and 18 branches in Canada. Our customer base consists of thousands of insulation contractors of all sizes serving a wide variety of commercial and industrial industries, gutter contractors, weatherization contractors, other contractors, dealers, metal building erectors, and modular home builders.  

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For further information on our segments, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 8. Segment Information.

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Demand for Our Products and Services

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Demand for our insulation products and services is driven by new single-family residential and multi-family home construction, commercial and industrial construction, residential remodel and repair activity, commercial and industrial maintenance and repair, and the growing need for more energy efficient homes, commercial structures, and industrial plants.  Being a leader in both insulation installation and specialty distribution allows us to reach a broader set of customers more effectively.  We recognize that competition for the installation and sale of insulation and other building material products occurs in localized geographic markets in the U.S. and Canada, and, as such, our operating model is based on geographically diverse branches along with building and maintaining local customer relationships.  At the same time, our local operations benefit from centralized functions such as purchasing, information technology, sales and marketing support, and credit and collections.

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Activity in the construction industry is seasonal, typically peaking in the summer months.  Because installation of insulation historically lags housing starts by several months, we generally see a corresponding benefit in our operating results during the third and fourth quarters.

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Competitive Advantages

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The market for the distribution and installation of building product materials is highly fragmented and competitive.  Barriers to entry for local competitors are relatively low, increasing the risk that additional competitors will emerge.  Our ability to maintain our competitive position depends on a number of factors including our scale, sales channels, diversified product lines, operation capabilities, strong local presence, the unique ability to offset decreases in demand for services with our Specialty Distribution business, and strong cash flows.

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Scale.  Within our geographic footprint, we provide products and services to each major construction line of business in the U.S. and provide industrial and commercial products in Canada.  Our scale and local market presence combined with our various centralized corporate functions and corporate executive management team, enable us to successfully compete as we:

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Two avenues to reach builders and contractors.  We believe that having both installation and specialty distribution businesses provides a number of advantages to reaching our customers and driving share gains.  Our Installation business customer base includes builders of all sizes.  Our branches go to market with the local brands that regional and custom builders recognize and value, and our national footprint is appealing to large builders who value consistency across a broad geography.  Our Specialty Distribution business focuses on selling to small contractors who generally have strong local relationships with smaller custom builders and general contractors, and to industrial general contractors and facilities requiring customized solutions on a recurring basis.  Being a leader in both installation and specialty distribution allows us to more effectively reach a broader set of builder customers and contractors, regardless of their size or geographic location within the U.S. and Canada, and leverage new construction housing, commercial and industrial growth wherever it occurs.

Diversified lines of business.  In response to the housing downturn in prior years and to mitigate the cyclicality of residential new home construction, we expanded and enhanced our ability to serve the commercial construction line of business.  This included expanding our commercial operations and sales capacity, adding commercial product offerings, developing relationships with commercial general contractors, and building our expertise and reputation for quality service for both light and heavy commercial construction projects. Although commercial construction is affected by many of the same macroeconomic and local economic factors that drive residential new construction, commercial construction has historically followed different cycles than residential new construction. 

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Strong local presence.  Competition for the installation and sale of insulation and other building material products to builders occurs in localized geographic markets throughout the U.S. and Canada.  Builders and contractors in each local market have different options in terms of choosing among insulation installers and specialty distributors for their projects, and value local relationships, quality, and timeliness.  Our Installation branches are locally branded businesses that are recognized within the communities in which they operate.  Our Service Partners distribution centers service primarily local contractors, lumberyards, retail stores and others who, in turn, service local homebuilders and other customers, while our Distribution International distribution centers service primarily industrial customers with customized recurring requirements.  Our operating model, in which individual branches and distribution centers maintain local customer relationships, enables us to develop local, long-tenured relationships with these customers, build local reputations for quality, service and timeliness, and provide specialized products and personalized services tailored to a geographic region or customer.  At the same time, our local operations benefit from centralized functions, such as purchasing, information technology, sales support, and credit and collections, and the resources and scale efficiencies of an installation and distribution business that has a presence across the U.S. and Canada.

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Unique ability to offset decreases in demand for services with our Specialty Distribution business.  During industry downturns many insulation contractors, who buy directly from manufacturers during industry peaks, return to purchasing through distributors for small, “Less Than Full Truckload” shipments. This drives incremental customers to our Specialty Distribution business during these points in the business cycle, offsetting decreases in demand for installation services in our Installation business because of a downturn.  We believe that our leadership position in both installation and specialty distribution helps to reduce exposure to cyclical swings in our lines of business.

Strong cash flow and favorable working capital fund organic growth.  Over the last several years, we have reduced fixed costs and improved our labor utilization.  As a result, we can achieve profitability at lower levels of demand as compared to historical periods.  For further discussion on our cash flows and liquidity, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources.

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Major Customers

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We have a diversified portfolio of customers and no single customer accounted for more than three percent of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021.  Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 11 percent of our total sales in 2021.  

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Suppliers

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Our businesses depend on our ability to obtain an adequate supply of high-quality products and components from manufacturers and other suppliers, upon whom we rely heavily.  We source the majority of our fiberglass building products from four primary U.S.-based residential fiberglass insulation manufacturers: Knauf, CertainTeed, Johns Manville, and Owens Corning.  Failure by our suppliers to provide us with an adequate supply of high-quality products on commercially reasonable terms, or to comply with applicable legal requirements, could have a material, adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.  We believe we generally have positive relationships with our suppliers.

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Human Capital

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As a leading installer of insulation and specialty distributor of insulation and building material products to the construction industry in the U.S. and Canada, our performance relies heavily on human capital and relationships with customers and suppliers.  Accordingly, our success depends on our ability to attract, retain, protect, and develop our employees.  To support these objectives, we have designed and implemented a human capital management program that fosters a culture of inclusivity, collaboration, support, and innovation where every voice is welcome, heard, and respected.

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Safety

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The success of our business is fundamentally connected to safety.  A primary responsibility of our employees is to provide a safe environment for their co-workers, our customers, and our suppliers.  Safety is one of our core values and is engrained in our culture and is an important measure in how we rate our success as a company.  To align our leadership team with our safety goals, a portion of our leadership’s incentive compensation is tied to our safety performance.  

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Our goal is to have zero incidents, which we strive to achieve by providing our employees with ongoing, specialized safety training sessions, information, and programs.  This training commences at hiring, with additional sessions delivered at every branch operation and at our Branch Support Center in Daytona Beach, Florida throughout the year.  During 2021, we assigned each of our field employees an average of 15.6 hours of safety training.

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We closely monitor OSHA reportable injuries and conduct extensive research to better understand and improve our work environments.  We disclose our incident rates and lost time case rate in the ESG section of our website and have seen continuous improvement in our safety performance year-over-year as indicated in the tables below.  In 2021, our incident rate improved by over 7% to 2.59 per the OSHA guidelines, and our lost time case rate remains below industry averages and continues to improve.

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Our incident rate does not include acquisitions or potential work-related COVID-19 exposures, for which we have implemented additional safety measures at all our branches and on worksites, including increasing the frequency of regular cleaning and disinfecting processes at our facilities, adhering to social distancing protocols, limiting the number of workers on our jobsites, providing paid time for vaccinations, and offering remote/hybrid work schedules for employees in our support centers in Daytona Beach, Florida, Houston, Texas and Greenville, South Carolina.

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Employee Demographics and Recruiting

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As of December 31, 2021, we had 13,006 employees (excluding contingent workers), of which 7,847 were installers.  Approximately 1,000 of our employees are currently covered by 65 collective bargaining agreements that expire on various dates through 2024.  We believe that our relationship with our unions is good.

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The residential new construction housing market remained strong through 2021, which continued the shortage of construction industry labor.  To attract and retain experienced employees in such a tight labor market, we strive to offer a competitive compensation and benefits program that meets diverse employee needs, such as flexibility in schedule and hybrid workplace opportunities, tuition reimbursement, matching 401k contributions, multiple dental and medical plan options, and paid time off, including for entry-level employees.  We continually assess the construction industry and labor market to refine our compensation and benefits program, with the goal of being an employer of choice and maintaining the strength of our workforce.

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We take proactive steps to recruit construction labor, including our Friends and Family Referral Program which we introduced in the second half of 2020.  This program has been very successful, leading to the hiring and retention of 1,192 installers in 2021.  In addition to hiring directly from the local communities in which our branches operate, we leverage our national employer brand to partner with organizations that help engage talent with diverse backgrounds, including veterans, refugees, and trade students.

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To build a pipeline of leadership talent, we recruit internally and externally into our Manager in Training program, which fosters development of participants into leaders of our company and high performers in our industry.  The program lasts 12-24 months and participants are supported by our executive management team as they are immersed in all aspects of our operations and directly serve and support our customers and suppliers.  At any time, we have 15-20 employees enrolled in our Manager in Training program and, upon completion of the program, they are promoted into branch leadership roles within our company.

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Diversity and Inclusion

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We are taking steps as an employer to champion diversity and inclusion.  As of December 31, 2021, our employees self-identified as 43.1% Hispanic, 38.6% White, 7.6% Black, and 10.7% Other or Undisclosed.  Our employees represent a higher racial diversification in comparison to both the construction industry and the total U.S. workforce, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (December 2021).  In addition, our workforce gender representation as of December 31, 2021 was comparable to the U.S. construction industry. Our corporate leadership team (Managers and above) self-identifies as approximately 45% female and 19% non-white or undisclosed.

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*Sums to >100% due to multi-racial reporting.

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We acknowledge and are committed to respecting and upholding the human rights and dignity of all individuals within our operations.  We have adopted a company-wide Human Rights policy, which is designed to promote a workplace that values and respects the contributions and perspectives of all employees from a variety of backgrounds, skills, and experiences.  Company policies, including the Human Rights Policy, are published in the ESG section of our website.

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Community Involvement  

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We aim to give back to the communities in which we live and work, and we believe this goal helps us attract and retain employees.  Guided by our strong values and a spirit of service, we have established long-term partnerships with Habitat for Humanity and The Salvation Army.  We host an annual fundraiser for Habitat for Humanity and have raised a total of $2M in the last 5 years through this event alone.  Our branches also support their local affiliates throughout the year by donating material and volunteering for Habitat for Humanity builds around the country.  In addition to supporting Habitat for Humanity, we are also a sponsor of the Salvation Army’s Angel Tree initiative, which provides new clothing and toys to families in need each year during the holiday season.  We also partnered closely with the NASCAR foundation in 2021, and sponsored playset builds for pediatric cancer patients.  Finally, for the 4th year running, we sponsored Payit4ward’s annual back to school drive over the summer, which provided supplies and backpacks to thousands of children.  These efforts positively impact our teams and their local communities, while showcasing two of our core values – Unity and Community.

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Employee Feedback

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Employee satisfaction with and engagement in our workplace is important to us as we continue to establish and develop our initiatives to create a positive employee experience.  We conduct an employee survey bi-annually, most recently in 2021, and 62% of our employees responded.  Our engagement index score was 84%.  This score is made up of key questions related to pride in the company, sense of accomplishment, and intent to stay.  We shared the results with our leadership at all levels and locations and with our Board.  The leaders reviewed areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction and worked with their teams to prioritize actions and activities in response.  Overall areas of strength include employee perception of a solid culture of safety within our company and satisfaction with our company’s direction and culture.  

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Executive Officers

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Set forth below is information about our executive officers. There are no family relationships among any of the officers named below.

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Robert M. Buck, age 52

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John S. Peterson, age 63

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Luis F. Machado, age 59

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Jennifer J. Shoffner, age 49 

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Robert M. Kuhns, age 48 

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Steven P. Raia, age 66

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Robert J. Franklin, age 62

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Legislation and Regulation

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We are subject to U.S. federal, state, and local regulations, particularly those pertaining to health and safety (including protection of employees and consumers), labor standards/regulations, contractor licensing, and environmental issues.  In addition to complying with current effective requirements and requirements that will become effective at a future date, even more stringent requirements could eventually be imposed on our industries.  Additionally, some of our products and services may require certification by industry or other organizations.  Compliance with these regulations and industry standards may require us to alter our specialty distribution and installation processes and our sourcing, which could adversely impact our competitive position.  Further, if we do not effectively and timely comply with such regulations and industry standards, our operating results could be negatively affected.

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Additional Information

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We provide our Annual Reports, Quarterly Reports, Current Reports and amendments to those reports free of charge on our website, www.topbuild.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed with or furnished to the SEC.  We also provide Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) information, including with respect to certain safety metrics, on our website.  Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this Form 10-K or in deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock.

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Use of our Website to Distribute Material Company Information

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We use our website, www.topbuild.com, as a channel of distribution and routinely post important Company information including press releases, investor presentations and financial information. We may also use our website to expedite public access to time-critical information regarding our Company in advance of or in lieu of distributing a press release or a filing with the SEC disclosing the same information. Visitors to our website can also register to receive automatic e-mail and other notifications alerting them when new information is made available.

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

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A number of risks and uncertainties could affect our business and cause our actual results to differ from past performance or expected results.  We consider the following risks and uncertainties to be those material to our business.  If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.  We urge investors to consider carefully the risk factors described below in evaluating the information contained in this Annual Report.  

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Risks Which May Be Material to Our Business

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Risks Relating to Products and Supply Chain

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We are dependent on third-party suppliers and manufacturers to provide us with an adequate supply of high-quality products, and the loss of a large supplier or manufacturer could negatively affect our operating results.

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Failure by our suppliers to provide us with an adequate supply of high-quality products on commercially reasonable terms, or to comply with applicable legal requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.  While we believe that we have positive relationships with our suppliers, the fiberglass insulation industry has encountered both shortages and periods of significant oversupply during past housing market cycles, leading to volatility in prices and allocations of supply, which affect our results.  While we do not believe we depend on any sole or limited source of supply, we source the majority of our building products, primarily insulation, from a limited number of large suppliers.  The loss of a large supplier, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products or components from our suppliers, could disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results.

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Our profit margins could decrease due to changes in the costs of the products we install and/or distribute.

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The principal building products that we install and distribute have been subject to price changes in the past, some of which have been significant.  Our results of operations for individual quarters can be, and have been, hurt by a delay between the time building product or material cost increases are implemented and the time we are able to increase prices for our installation or specialty distribution services, if at all.  Our supplier purchase prices may depend on our purchasing volume or other arrangements with any given supplier. While we have been able to achieve cost savings through volume purchasing or other arrangements with suppliers in the past, we may not be able to consistently continue to receive advantageous pricing for the products we distribute and install.  If we are unable to maintain purchase pricing consistent with prior periods or are unable to pass on price increases, our costs could increase and our margins may be adversely affected.

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The development of alternatives to distributors in the supply chain could cause a decrease in our sales and operating results and limit our ability to grow our business.

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Our Specialty Distribution customers could begin purchasing more of their products directly from manufacturers, which would result in decreases in our net sales and earnings.  Our suppliers could invest in infrastructure to expand their own local sales force and sell more products directly to our Specialty Distribution customers, which also would negatively impact our business.

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New product innovations or new product introductions could negatively impact our business. 

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New product innovations or new product introductions could negatively impact demand for the products we install and distribute.

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We may not be able to identify new products or new product lines and integrate them into our specialty distribution network, which may impact our ability to compete.  Our expansion into new markets may present competitive, distribution, and regulatory challenges that differ from current ones.

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Our business depends, in part, on our ability to identify future products and product lines that complement existing products and product lines and that respond to our customers’ needs. We may not be able to compete effectively unless our product selection keeps up with trends in the markets in which we compete, or trends in new products, which could cause us to lose market share. Our expansion into new markets, new products, or new product lines may present competitive, distribution and regulatory challenges, as well as divert management’s attention away from our core business. In addition, our ability to integrate new products and product lines into our specialty distribution network could affect our ability to compete.

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Risks Relating to Potential Closures due to Events Beyond Our Control

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Events beyond our control may negatively impact demand for our services or the products we distribute.

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A variety of events uncontrollable by us may reduce demand for our services or the products that we distribute, impair our ability to deliver our services or products on schedule, or increase the cost of delivering our services or products. Demand for our services or products is dependent on a variety of macroeconomic factors, such as employment levels, interest rates, changes in stock market valuations, consumer confidence, housing demand, availability of financing for home buyers, availability and prices of new homes compared to existing inventory, and demographic trends. These factors, in particular consumer confidence, can be significantly adversely affected by a variety of factors beyond our control, including: catastrophic events or natural disasters (such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, earthquakes, droughts, excessive heat or rain, epidemics, pandemics, and terrorist attacks); international, political or military developments; and significant volatility in debt and equity markets. Certain of these events can also have a serious impact on our customer’s ability to develop residential communities or commercial projects, could cause delays in, prevent the completion of, or increase the cost of, developing one or more of them, or could negatively impact our industrial customers’ utilization of their facilities, any of which in turn could harm our sales and results of operations.

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The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic may cause further business and market disruptions, impacting demand for our services or the products we distribute, our ability to provide services, or our results of operations or financial condition.

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There remains significant uncertainty around the breadth and duration of business disruptions related to COVID-19, as well as its impact on the U.S. economy and consumer confidence. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our results will continue to depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19, new or additional strains of COVID-19, and the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact. While we have not seen a significant impact on our business resulting from COVID-19 to date, if the virus causes significant negative impacts to economic conditions or consumer confidence, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted. While we are currently able to operate in all of our locations, there is no guarantee that the services we provide will continue to be allowed or that other events making the provision of our services challenging or impossible, will not occur. For example, if there are surges in levels of COVID-19 infections in certain states, those states may respond by, among other things, deeming residential and commercial construction as nonessential or limiting or restricting the ability of our labor force to travel or perform their job function.

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Risks Relating to Human Capital

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The long-term performance of our businesses relies on our ability to attract, develop, and retain talented personnel, including sales representatives, branch managers, installers, and truck drivers, while controlling our labor costs.

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We are highly dependent on the skills and experience of our senior management team and other skilled and experienced personnel.  The failure to attract and retain key employees could negatively affect our competitive position and operating results.

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Our business results also depend upon our branch managers and sales personnel, including those of businesses acquired.  Our ability to control labor costs and attract qualified labor is subject to numerous external factors including prevailing wage rates, the labor market, the demand environment, the impact of legislation or regulations governing wages and hours, labor relations, immigration, healthcare benefits, and insurance costs.  In addition, we compete with other companies to recruit and retain qualified installers and truck drivers in a tight labor market, and we invest significant resources in training and motivating them to maintain a high level of job satisfaction.  These positions generally have high turnover rates, which can lead to increased training and retention costs. If we fail to attract qualified labor on favorable terms, we may not be able to meet the demand of our customers, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Changes in employment and immigration laws may adversely affect our business.

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Various federal and state labor laws govern the relationship with our employees and impact operating costs.  These laws include:

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We have a significant exposure to changes in laws governing our relationships with our employees, including wage and hour laws and regulations, fair labor standards, minimum wage requirements, overtime pay, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates, citizenship requirements, and payroll taxes, as well as vaccination and testing mandates which may be imposed in connection with the occurrence of pandemic or health concerns, which changes would have a direct impact on our operating costs.  Significant additional government-imposed increases in the preceding areas could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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In addition, various states in which we operate are considering or have already adopted new immigration laws or enforcement programs, and the U.S. Congress and Department of Homeland Security from time to time consider and implement changes to federal immigration laws, regulations, or enforcement programs.  These changes may increase our compliance and oversight obligations, which could subject us to additional costs and make our hiring process more cumbersome, or reduce the availability of potential employees. Although we verify the employment eligibility status of all our employees, including through participation in the “E-Verify” program where required, some of our employees may, without our knowledge, be unauthorized workers.  Use of the verification tools and/or “E-Verify” program does not guarantee that we will properly identify all applicants who are ineligible for employment.  Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties and, if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that negatively impacts our brand and may make it more difficult to hire and retain qualified employees, which could disrupt our operations.  We could also become subject to fines, penalties, and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all recordkeeping obligations of federal and state immigration laws. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Union organizing activity and work stoppages could delay or reduce availability of products that we install and increase our costs.

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Approximately 1,000 of our employees are currently covered by collective bargaining or other similar labor agreements that expire on various dates through 2024.  Any inability by us to negotiate collective bargaining arrangements could cause strikes or other work stoppages, and new contracts could result in increased operating costs.  If any such strikes or other work stoppages occur, or if other employees become represented by a union, we could experience a disruption of our operations and higher labor costs.  Further, if a significant number of additional employees were to unionize, including in the wake of any future legislation or regulation that makes it easier for employees to unionize, these risks would increase.  In addition, certain of our suppliers have unionized work forces, and certain of the products we install and/or distribute are transported by unionized truckers.  Strikes, work stoppages, or slowdowns could result in slowdowns or closures of facilities where the products that we install and/or distribute are manufactured, or could affect the ability of our suppliers to deliver such products to us.  Any interruption in the production or delivery of these products could delay or reduce availability of these products and increase our costs.

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Our business relies significantly on the expertise of our employees and we generally do not have intellectual property that is protected by patents.

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Our business is significantly dependent upon our expertise in installation and distribution logistics, including significant expertise in the application of building science through our Environments for Living® program.  We rely on a combination of trade secrets and contractual confidentiality provisions and, to a much lesser extent, copyrights and trademarks, to protect our proprietary rights.  Accordingly, our intellectual property is more vulnerable than it would be if it were protected primarily by patents.  We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our proprietary rights, and in the event a misappropriation or breach of our proprietary rights occurs, our competitive position in the market may be harmed.  In addition, competitors may develop competing technologies and expertise that renders our expertise obsolete or less valuable.

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Risks Relating to Mergers and Acquisitions

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We may not be successful in identifying and making acquisitions. In addition, acquisition integrations involve risks that could negatively affect our operating results, cash flows, and liquidity.

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We have made, and in the future may continue to make, strategic acquisitions as part of our growth strategy.  We may be unable to make accretive acquisitions or realize expected benefits of any acquisitions for any of the following reasons:

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Our ability to successfully implement our business plan and achieve targeted financial results is dependent on our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses including, without limitation, our recent acquisition of DI.  The process of integrating acquired businesses, may expose us to operational challenges and risks, including, but not limited to:

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Failure to successfully integrate any acquired business may result in reduced levels of revenue, earnings, or operating efficiency than might have been achieved if we had not acquired such business.  In addition, our past acquisitions results, and any future acquisitions could result in the incurrence of additional debt and related interest expense, contingent liabilities, and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.  

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We may not be able to achieve the benefits that we expect to realize as a result of future acquisitions.  Failure to achieve such benefits could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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We may not be able to realize anticipated cost savings, revenue enhancements, or other synergies from future acquisitions, either in the amount or within the time frame that we expect.  In addition, the costs of achieving these benefits may be higher than, and the timing may differ from, what we expect.  Our ability to realize anticipated cost savings, synergies, and revenue enhancements may be affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

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While we expect future acquisitions to create opportunities to reduce our combined operating costs, these cost savings reflect estimates and assumptions made by our management, and it is possible that our actual results will not reflect these estimates and assumptions within our anticipated timeframe or at all.  

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If we fail to realize anticipated cost savings, synergies, or revenue enhancements, our financial results may be adversely affected, and we may not generate the cash flow from operations that we anticipate.  

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Risks Relating to Legal and Regulatory Matters

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Because we operate our business through highly dispersed locations across the U.S. and Canada, our operations may be materially adversely affected by inconsistent local practices, and the operating results of individual branches and centers may vary.

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We operate our business through a network of highly dispersed locations throughout the United States and Canada, supported by executives and services at our Branch Support Center in Daytona Beach, Florida, with local branch management retaining responsibility for day-to-day operations and adherence to applicable local laws.  Our operating structure can make it difficult for us to coordinate procedures across our operations.  In addition, our branches and distribution facilities may require significant oversight and coordination from headquarters to support their growth.  Inconsistent implementation of corporate strategy and policies at the local or regional level could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

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Claims and litigation could be costly.

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We are, from time to time, involved in various claims, litigation matters, and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business and which could have a material adverse effect on us.  These matters may include contract disputes, automobile liability and other personal injury claims, warranty disputes, environmental claims or proceedings, other tort claims, employment and tax claims, claims relating to the quality of products sourced from our suppliers, and other proceedings and litigation, including class actions.  In addition, we are exposed to potential claims by our employees or others based on job related hazards.  

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We may also be subject to claims or liabilities arising from our acquisitions for the periods prior to our acquisition of them, including environmental, employee-related, and other liabilities and claims not covered by insurance. Our ability to seek indemnification from the former owners of our acquired businesses for these claims or liabilities may be limited by the respective acquisition agreements and the financial ability of the former owners to satisfy our indemnification claims.

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Our builder and contractor customers are subject to product liability, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract, warranty, and other claims in the ordinary course of their business. Our contractual arrangements with our builder and contractor customers may include our agreement to defend and indemnify them against various liabilities.

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We rely on manufacturers and other suppliers to provide us with most of the products we install.  Because we do not have direct control over the quality of products manufactured or supplied by third-party suppliers, we are exposed to risks relating to the quality of those products.  In addition, we are exposed to potential claims arising from the conduct of our employees, homebuilders, and other subcontractors, for which we may be liable contractually or otherwise.

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Product liability, workmanship warranty, casualty, negligence, construction defect, breach of contract, and other claims and legal proceedings can be expensive to defend and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for significant periods of time, regardless of fault or the ultimate outcome.  In addition, lawsuits relating to construction defects typically have statutes of limitations that can run as long as ten years.  Claims of this nature could also have a negative impact on customer confidence in us and our services.  

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Although we intend to defend all claims and litigation matters vigorously, given the inherently unpredictable nature of claims and litigation, we cannot predict with certainty the outcome or effect of any claim or litigation matter.

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We expect to maintain insurance against some, but not all, of our risks of loss resulting from claims and litigation.  We may elect not to obtain insurance if we believe the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented.  The levels of insurance we maintain may not be adequate to fully cover any and all losses or liabilities.  If any significant accident, judgment, claim, or other event is not fully insured or indemnified against, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Compliance with government regulation and industry standards could impact our operating results.

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We are subject to federal, state, provincial, and local government regulations, particularly those pertaining to health and safety, including protection of employees and consumers, employment laws, including immigration and wage and hour regulations, contractor licensing, data privacy, and environmental issues.  In addition to complying with current requirements, even more stringent requirements could be imposed in the future.  Compliance with these regulations and industry standards is costly and may require us to alter our installation and distribution processes, product sourcing, or business practices, and makes recruiting and retaining labor in a tight labor market more challenging.  Compliance with these regulations and industry standards could also divert our attention and resources to compliance activities and could cause us to incur higher costs.  Further, if we do not effectively and timely comply with such regulations and industry standards, our results of operations could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to substantial penalties or other legal liability.

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We are subject to environmental regulation and potential exposure to environmental liabilities.

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We are subject to various federal, state, provincial, and local environmental laws and regulations. Although we believe that we operate our business, including each of our locations, in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and maintain all material permits required under such laws and regulations to operate our business, we may be held liable or incur fines or penalties in connection with such requirements. In addition, environmental laws and regulations, including those related to energy use and climate change, may become more stringent over time, and any future laws and regulations could have a material impact on our operations or require us to incur material additional expenses to comply with any such future laws and regulations.

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Changes in building codes and consumer preferences could affect our ability to market our service offerings and our profitability.  Moreover, if we do not respond to evolving customer preferences or changes in building standards, or if we do not maintain or expand our leadership in building science, our business, results of operation, financial condition, and cash flow would be adversely affected.

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Each of our lines of business is impacted by building codes and consumer preferences, including a growing focus on energy efficiency.  Our competitive advantage is due, in part, to our ability to respond to changes in consumer preferences and building codes.  However, if our installation and distribution services and our leadership in building sciences do not adequately or quickly adapt to changing preferences and building standards, we may lose market share to competitors, which would adversely affect our business, results of operation, financial condition, and cash flows.  Further, our growth prospects could be harmed if consumer preferences and building standards evolve more slowly than we anticipate towards energy efficient service offerings, which are more profitable than minimum code service offerings.  

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Risks Relating to the Industry in Which We Operate

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Our business relies on residential new construction activity, and to a lesser extent on residential repair/remodel, commercial construction activity, and industrial manufacturing activity, all of which are cyclical.

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Demand for our services is cyclical and highly sensitive to general macroeconomic and local economic conditions over which we have no control.  Macroeconomic and local economic conditions, including consumer confidence levels, fluctuations in home prices, unemployment and underemployment levels, income and wage growth, student loan debt, household formation rates, mortgage tax deduction limits, the age and volume of the housing stock, the availability of home equity loans and mortgages and the interest rates for such loans, and other factors, affect consumers’ discretionary spending on both residential new construction projects and residential repair/remodel activity.  The commercial construction market is affected by macroeconomic and local economic factors such as interest rates, credit availability for commercial construction projects, material costs, employment rates, and vacancy and absorption rates.  The industrial construction market is affected by macroeconomic and local economic factors such as economic expansion, import and export activity, cost of financing, technological advances, demand for products and services, and manufacturing capacity.  Changes or uncertainty regarding these and similar factors could adversely affect our results of operations and our financial position.

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We face significant competition, and increased competitive pressure may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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The market for the specialty distribution and installation of building products and materials is highly fragmented and competitive, and barriers to entry are relatively low.  Our Installation competitors include national contractors, regional contractors, and local contractors, and we face many or all of these competitors for each project on which we bid.  Our Specialty Distribution competitors include numerous specialty insulation distributors.  In some instances, our Specialty Distribution business sells products to companies that may compete directly with our installation service business.  We also compete with broad line building products distributors, big box retailers, and insulation manufacturers.  In addition to price, we believe that competition in our industry is based largely on existing customer relationships, customer service and the quality and timeliness of installation services and distribution product deliveries in each local market.  In the event that increased demand leads to higher prices for the products we sell and install, we may have limited ability to pass on price increases in a timely manner, or at all, due to the fragmented and competitive nature of our industry.

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Our business is seasonal and is susceptible to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters.  We also may be adversely affected by any natural or man-made disruptions to our facilities.

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We normally experience stronger sales during the third and fourth calendar quarters, corresponding with the peak season for residential new construction and residential repair/remodel activity.  Sales during the winter weather months are seasonally slower due to the lower construction activity.  Historically, the installation of insulation lags housing starts by several months.  In addition, to the extent that hurricanes, severe storms, earthquakes, droughts, floods, fires, other natural disasters, or similar events occur in the geographic areas in which we operate, our business may be adversely affected.  Any widespread disruption to our facilities resulting from a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, or any other cause could materially impair our ability to provide installation and/or distribution services for our customers.  

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We are subject to competitive pricing pressure from our customers.

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Residential homebuilders historically have exerted significant pressure on their outside suppliers to keep prices low in the highly fragmented building products and materials supply and services industry.  In addition, consolidation among homebuilders and changes in homebuilders’ purchasing policies or payment practices could result in additional pricing pressure.

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Risks Relating to Our Operations Outside of the United States

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We face risks relating to our operations outside of the United States.

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A portion of our operations are conducted in Canada.  As a result, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by economic, political, health, regulatory and other factors existing outside of the United States.  Our foreign operations are subject to inherent risks, which may materially adversely affect us, including: political and economic changes or instability; expropriation or the imposition of government controls; changes in government regulations; export requirements; trade restrictions; earnings repatriation and expatriation restrictions; exposure to different legal standards, including related to intellectual property and data privacy; health conditions and standards; currency controls; fluctuations in exchange rates; increases in the duties and taxes we pay; inflation or deflation; greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles; changes in labor conditions, staffing, and managing our foreign operations; limitations on insurance coverage against geopolitical risks, natural disasters, and business operations; and communication among management and foreign operations.  In addition, these same factors may also place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to foreign competitors.

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FCPA Risk

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We may face risks associated with violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar anti-bribery laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.  Our Code of Ethics mandates compliance with these anti-bribery laws.  We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures will always protect us from the detrimental actions by our employees or agents.  If we are found to be liable for FCPA violations (either due to our own acts or inadvertence or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

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We transact business outside of the United States.  We present our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars, but a portion of our revenues and expenditures are transacted in other currencies.  As a result, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currencies.  Additionally, we may have currency exposure arising from funds held in currencies other than U.S. dollars.  Volatility in the exchange rates between the foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar could materially harm our business, financial condition, or operating results.

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Risks Relating to Information Technology and Cybersecurity

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We rely on information technology systems, and in the event of a disruption or security incident, we could experience problems with customer service, inventory, collections, and cost control and incur substantial costs to address related issues.

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Our operations are dependent upon our information technology systems, including systems run by third-party vendors which we do not control, to manage customer orders on a timely basis, to coordinate our installation and specialty distribution activities across locations, and to manage invoicing.  If we experience problems with our information technology systems, we could experience, among other things, delays in receiving customer orders, placing orders with suppliers, and scheduling production, installation services, deliveries, or shipments.

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A substantial disruption in our information technology systems could have an adverse impact on revenue, harm our reputation, and cause us to incur legal liability and costs, which could be significant, to address and remediate such events and related security concerns.

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In addition, we could be adversely affected if any of our significant customers or suppliers experienced any similar events that disrupted their respective business operations or damaged their reputations.

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In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we could experience operational interruptions, incur substantial additional costs, become subject to legal or regulatory proceedings or suffer damage to our reputation.

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In addition to the disruptions that may occur from interruptions in our information technology systems, cybersecurity threats and sophisticated and targeted cyberattacks pose a risk to our information technology systems.  We have established security policies, processes and defenses designed to help identify and protect against intentional and unintentional misappropriation or corruption of our information technology systems and disruption of our operations.  Despite these efforts, our information technology systems may be damaged, disrupted or shut down due to attacks by unauthorized persons, malicious software, computer viruses, undetected intrusion, hardware failures, or other events, and in these circumstances our disaster recovery plans may be ineffective or inadequate.  These breaches or intrusions could lead to business interruptions, exposure of proprietary or confidential information, data corruption, damage to our reputation, exposure to legal and regulatory proceedings, and other costs.  Such events could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  In addition, we could be adversely affected if any of our significant customers or suppliers experience any similar events that disrupt their business operations or damage their reputations.

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We maintain monitoring practices and protections of our information technology to reduce these risks and test our systems on an ongoing basis for potential threats.  We carry cybersecurity insurance to help mitigate the financial exposure and related notification procedures in the event of intentional intrusion.  There can be no assurance, however, that our efforts will prevent the risk of a security breach of our databases or systems that could adversely affect our business.

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Risks Relating to Liquidity and Our Ability to Finance Our Operations

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If we are required to take significant non-cash charges, our financial resources could be reduced, and our financial flexibility may be negatively affected.

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We have significant goodwill and other intangible assets related to business combinations on our balance sheet.  The valuation of these assets is largely dependent upon the expectations for future performance of our businesses.  Expectations about the growth of residential new construction, commercial construction, residential repair/remodel activity, and the utilization of industrial facilities, may impact whether we are required to recognize noncash, pretax impairment charges for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets, or other long-lived assets.  If the value of our goodwill, other intangible assets, or long-lived assets is further impaired, our earnings and stockholders’ equity would be adversely affected and may impact our ability to raise capital in the future.

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We may have future capital needs and may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms.

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Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including industry and market conditions, our ability to successfully complete future business combinations and the expansion of our existing operations.  We anticipate that we may need to raise additional funds in order to grow our business and implement our business strategy.  Economic and credit market conditions, the performance of the construction industry, and our financial performance, as well as other factors may constrain our financing abilities.  Our ability to secure additional financing and to satisfy our financial obligations will depend upon our future operating performance, the availability of credit, economic conditions, and financial, business, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.  Any financing, if available, may be on terms that are not favorable to us and will be subject to changes in interest rates and the capital markets environment.  If we cannot obtain adequate capital, we may not be able to fully implement our business strategy and our business, operational results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

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Our indebtedness and restrictions in our existing credit facility, Senior Notes or any other indebtedness we may incur in the future, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, ability to make distributions to shareholders, and the value of our common stock.

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Our indebtedness could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:

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Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or ability to meet our payment obligations. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, sell certain assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital, and some of these activities may be on terms that are unfavorable or highly dilutive.  Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time.  If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations.

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Certain of our variable rate indebtedness uses LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the rate of interest. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform.  These reforms and other pressures will cause LIBOR to be replaced with a new benchmark which may perform differently than LIBOR. The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted, but could include an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.

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Our existing term loan, revolving credit facility and the indentures governing our Senior Notes limit, and any future credit facility or other indebtedness we enter into may limit our ability to, among other things:

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Our revolving credit facility contains, and any future credit facility or other debt instrument we may enter into will also likely contain, covenants requiring us to maintain certain financial ratios and meet certain tests, such as an interest coverage ratio, a leverage ratio, and a minimum test.  Our ability to comply with those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to comply with those ratios and tests when required to do so under the applicable debt instruments.  For additional information regarding our outstanding debt see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 6. Long-Term Debt.

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Adverse credit ratings could increase our costs of borrowing money and limit our access to capital markets and commercial credit.

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Moody’s Investor Service and Standard & Poor’s routinely evaluate our credit ratings related to our Senior Notes.  If these rating agencies downgrade any of our current credit ratings, our borrowing costs could increase and our access to the capital and commercial credit markets could be adversely affected.

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In connection with the Separation, Masco indemnified us for certain liabilities, and we indemnified Masco for certain liabilities.  If we are required to act under these indemnities to Masco, we may need to divert cash to meet those obligations, which could adversely affect our financial results.  Moreover, the Masco indemnity may not be sufficient to compensate us for the full amount of liabilities for which it may be liable, and Masco may not be able to satisfy its indemnification obligations to us in the future.

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Indemnities that we may be required to provide Masco are not subject to any cap, may be significant, and could negatively affect our business, particularly indemnities relating to our actions that could affect the tax-free nature of the Separation.  Third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that Masco has agreed to retain, and under certain circumstances, we may be subject to continuing contingent liabilities of Masco following the Separation, such as certain shareholder litigation claims.  Further, Masco may not be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations, or such indemnity obligations may not be sufficient to cover our liabilities.  Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from Masco any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves.  Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

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Compliance with and changes in tax laws could adversely affect our performance.

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We are subject to extensive tax liabilities imposed by multiple jurisdictions including income taxes; indirect taxes which include excise and duty, sales and use, and gross receipts taxes; payroll taxes; franchise taxes; withholding taxes; and ad valorem taxes.  New tax laws and regulations, and changes in existing tax laws and regulations, are continuously being enacted or proposed which could result in increased expenditures for tax liabilities in the future.  Many of these liabilities are subject to periodic audits by the respective taxing authority.  Subsequent changes to our tax liabilities as a result of these audits may subject us to interest and penalties.

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Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

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The price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially, and the value of your investment may decline.

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The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

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Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and certain provisions of Delaware law, could delay or prevent a change in control.

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The existence of some provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control that a stockholder may consider favorable.  These include provisions:

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In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, including discouraging takeover attempts that could have resulted in a premium over the market price for shares of our common stock.

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These provisions apply even if a takeover offer is considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in our and our stockholders’ best interests.

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Our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a preferred judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees.

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Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, or other employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation (including any certificate of designations for any class or series of our preferred stock), or our bylaws, in each case, as amended from time to time, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (provided, however, that in the event that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks subject matter jurisdiction over such proceeding, the sole and exclusive forum for such action or proceeding shall be another state or federal court located within the State of Delaware), in all cases subject to the court having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants.  Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have received notice of, and consented to, the foregoing provision.  This forum selection provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable or cost effective for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and employees.

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Item 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

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None.

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Item 2.  PROPERTIES

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We operate approximately 235 Installation branch locations and approximately 175 Specialty Distribution centers in the United States and Canada, most of which are leased.  Our 65,700 square foot Branch Support Center is located at 475 North Williamson Boulevard in Daytona Beach, FL 32114.  This lease expires in June 2029, assuming no exercise of any options set forth in the lease.  We believe that our facilities have sufficient capacity and are adequate for our installation and specialty distribution requirements.

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Item 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

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For information regarding legal proceedings, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 11. Other Commitments and Contingencies, which we incorporate herein by reference.

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Item 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

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PART II

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Item 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

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Market Information and Holders of our Common Stock.  Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “BLD”.  As of February 14, 2022, there were approximately 1,719 holders of our issued and outstanding common stock.

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Dividends.  No dividends were paid during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Our Credit Agreement, in certain circumstances, limits the amount of dividends we may distribute.  We do not anticipate declaring cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.  There were no repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2021. We have $204.4 million of shares remaining under for repurchase under our 2019 and 2021 Share Repurchase Programs. Excluded from this disclosure are shares repurchased to settle statutory employee tax withholdings related to the vesting of stock awards.

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Item 6.  [Reserved]

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Item 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The financial and business analysis below provides information which we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.  This financial and business analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes.

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In this section, we generally discuss the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2020 to the year ended December 31, 2019, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 23, 2021, which discussion is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

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Executive Summary

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We are a leading installer and distributor of insulation and other building products to the construction industry.  Demand for our products and services is driven primarily by residential construction, commercial construction, and industrial construction.  We serve the residential, commercial, and industrial markets in the U.S. and the commercial and industrial markets in Canada.  A number of local and national factors influence activity in each of our lines of business, including demographic trends, interest rates, employment levels, business investment, supply and demand for housing, availability of credit, foreclosure rates, consumer confidence, and general economic conditions.  

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Activity in the construction industry is seasonal, typically peaking in the summer months.  Because installation of insulation historically lags housing starts by several months, we generally see a corresponding benefit in our operating results during the third and fourth quarters.

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Strategy

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We are the nation’s leading installer and specialty distributor of residential and commercial insulation and other building products. We are committed to creating long-term value for all stakeholders – employees, customers, suppliers, and investors. Our core values include:

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Our strategy is focused on growth and productivity including:

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Our operating results depend heavily on residential new construction activity and, to a lesser extent, on commercial construction and industrial construction, all of which are cyclical.  We are also dependent on third-party suppliers and manufacturers providing us with an adequate supply of high-quality products.  

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COVID-19 Business Update

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We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on macroeconomic and local economic conditions. While we are currently able to operate in all of our locations, there is no guarantee that the services we provide will continue to be allowed or that other events making the provision of our services challenging or impossible, will not occur.  For example, if there are surges in levels of COVID-19 infections in certain states, those states may respond by, among other things, deeming residential, commercial, and industrial construction as nonessential in connection with a restriction of commercial activity. 

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We have implemented and continue to implement procedures and processes as required or recommended by governmental and medical authorities to ensure the safety of our employees, including increasing our cleaning and sanitizing practices at all locations and for all company vehicles, mandating social distancing on job sites and within our branch operations and limiting all but essential travel.  However, we are not able to predict whether our customers will continue to operate at their current or typical volumes, and such decreases in their operations would have a negative impact on our business.  We are also unable to predict how long the COVID-19 pandemic will last and the impact of the pandemic on demand for our products and services.  For additional discussion of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, see the sections entitled “Outlook” and “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report.

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Material Trends in Our Business

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We remain optimistic about the U.S. housing market. Following a brief slowdown in the market during the 2^nd quarter of 2020 due to the impacts from COVID-19, housing starts increased through much of 2020 and 2021, and ended the year at 1.7 million (based on seasonally-adjusted figures from the U.S. Census Bureau), the highest level of annual starts in more than a decade. However, housing completions have not been able to keep up with housing starts due to a variety of material and labor constraints across the entire housing construction industry.  This environment of strong demand and tight supply has created significant inflation in the majority of the products we sell.  We anticipate that the current environment of strong demand and tight supply will continue into 2022.  

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The commercial and industrial construction markets are also dealing with strong demand and tight supply.  In addition, we have seen a number of projects pushed out or delayed.  Our order volume and backlog for this work remains strong and we anticipate growth in this market in 2022.   

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Seasonality

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Sales across all of our end markets are typically slower during the winter months due to lower construction activity.  Historically, the installation of insulation lags housing starts by several months. However, the normal lag on residential housing starts has extended recently as demand for residential housing has surged, causing building materials and labor to be constrained.  These material and labor constraints, as well as additional safety precautions related to COVID-19, have also extended the build cycle related to commercial construction.

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Results of Operations

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We report our financial results in conformity with GAAP.  

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The following table sets forth our net sales, gross profit, operating profit, and margins, as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations, in thousands:

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020

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Sales and Operations

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Net sales for 2021 increased 28.3 percent, or $768.2 million, to $3.5 billion.  The increase was driven by a 15.6 percent increase in sales from acquisitions, 8.5 percent impact from higher selling prices, and a 4.1 percent increase in sales volume.

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Our gross profit margins were 27.9 percent and 27.5 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively.  Gross profit margin improved primarily due to higher selling prices and sales volume, and savings from cost reduction activities, partially offset by an increase in cost of material and the amortization of inventory step-up related to purchase accounting.  

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Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales were 14.3 percent and 14.4 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively.  Decreased selling, general, and administrative expense as a percent of sales was primarily the result of higher sales and lower legal fees and share-based compensation expense partially offset by higher spend on acquisition-related costs such as intangible amortization and one-time transaction costs.

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Operating margins were 13.7 percent and 13.1 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively.  The increase in operating margins related to higher selling prices and sales volume, savings from cost reduction activities, lower legal fees and share-based compensation expense, partially offset by an increase in cost of material, the amortization of inventory step-up related to purchase accounting and other one-time transaction costs.

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Other Expense, Net

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Other expense, net, which primarily consists of interest expense, increased $11.0 million to $43.0 million in 2021 compared with 2020.  The increase is primarily related to costs incurred to redeem our 5.625% Senior Notes in 2021 and increased average debt outstanding in 2021, partially offset by lower interest rates on our 3.625% Senior Notes and borrowings under the Credit Agreement.

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Income Tax Expense

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Our effective tax rate increased from 23.5 percent in 2020 to 25.2 percent in 2021.  The higher 2021 rate was primarily related to a decrease in the benefit related to share-based compensation and an increase in non-deductible items.

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2021 and 2020 Business Segment Results

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The following table sets forth our net sales and operating profit information by business segment, in thousands:

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2021 and 2020 Business Segment Results Discussion

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Changes in operating profit margins in the following business segment results discussion exclude general corporate expense, net in 2021 and 2020, as applicable.

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Installation

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Sales

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Sales increased $434.9 million, or 22.4 percent, in 2021 compared to 2020.  Sales increased 11.4 percent from acquisitions, 6.5 percent due to higher selling prices and 4.5 percent sales volume.  

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Operating Results

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Operating margins in the Installation segment were 16.1 percent and 15.2 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively.  The increase in operating margin was driven by higher sales volume and selling prices, savings from cost reduction activities, and lower legal fees, partially offset by an increase in cost of material.

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Specialty Distribution

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Sales

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Sales increased $361.0 million, or 39.0 percent, in 2021 compared to 2020.  Sales increased 22.0 percent from acquisitions, 13.7 percent due to higher selling prices and 3.3 percent sales volume.

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Operating Results

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Operating margins in the Specialty Distribution segment were 13.2 percent and 12.5 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively.  The increase in operating margin was driven by higher sales volume and selling prices and savings from cost reduction activities, partially offset by an increase in cost of material and the amortization of inventory step-up related to purchase accounting.

Commitments and Contingencies

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We are subject to certain claims, charges, litigation, and other proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. We believe we have adequate defenses in these matters, and we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of these matters will have a material adverse effect on us.  For additional information see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 11. Other Commitments and Contingencies.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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We have access to liquidity through our cash from operations and available borrowing capacity under our Credit Agreement, which provides for borrowing and/or standby letter of credit issuances of up to $500 million under the revolving facility.  For additional information regarding our outstanding debt and borrowing capacity see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 6. Long-Term Debt.  

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The following table summarizes our total liquidity, in thousands:

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We believe that our cash flows from operations, combined with our current cash levels and available borrowing capacity, will be adequate to support our ongoing operations and to fund our debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for at least the next twelve months. We also have adequate liquidity to maintain off-balance sheet arrangements for short-term leases, letters of credit, and performance and license bonds. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report for related disclosures.

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Our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations primarily relate to our debt and lease obligations. Expected timing of those payments are as follows as of December 31, 2021, in thousands:

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(a) We lease certain locations, vehicles and equipment under operating lease agreements. In some instances, these lease agreements exist with related parties. For additional information, see Note 2 – Leases to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

(b) We lease certain fleet vehicles and equipment under a finance lease structure. Finance lease obligations, as disclosed above, include estimated interest expense payments using our incremental borrowing rates effective at December 31, 2021.

(c) Principal repayments of long-term debt include payments under our term loan facility, equipment notes, 3.625% Senior Notes and 4.125% Senior Notes. No borrowings are assumed under our revolving facility in the schedule above. For additional information, see Note 6 – Long-Term Debt to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

(d) Interest and fees have been calculated using the interest rate on our long-term debt as of December 31, 2021 and assumes our standby letters of credit remain constant during the term of our Credit Agreement.

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Cash Flows

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The following table presents a summary of our cash flows provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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