Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Share-Based Compensation

v3.20.1
Share-Based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Share-Based Compensation.  
Share-Based Compensation

11. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Effective July 1, 2015, our eligible employees commenced participation in the 2015 LTIP.  The 2015 LTIP authorizes the Board to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance awards, and dividend equivalents.  All grants are made by issuing new shares and no more than 4.0 million shares of common stock may be issued under the 2015 LTIP.  As of March 31, 2020, we had 2.1 million shares remaining available for issuance under the 2015 LTIP.

Share-based compensation expense is included in selling, general, and administrative expense.  The income tax effect associated with share-based compensation awards is included in income tax expense.  The following table presents share-based compensation amounts recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, in thousands:

Three Months Ended March 31, 

2020

2019

Share-based compensation expense

$

3,908

$

2,972

Income tax benefit realized

$

5,500

$

2,246

The following table presents a summary of our share-based compensation activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020, in thousands, except per share amounts:

RSAs

Stock Options

Number of Shares

   

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share

   

Number of Shares

   

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share

   

Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share

   

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Balance December 31, 2019

411.6

$

57.51

373.5

$

17.06

$

45.90

$

21,356.4

Granted

87.3

$

134.81

71.0

$

39.49

$

118.58

Converted/Exercised

(222.0)

$

42.71

(68.2)

$

14.96

$

39.91

$

4,089.0

Forfeited

(8.2)

$

96.26

(5.5)

$

39.49

$

118.58

Balance March 31, 2020

268.7

$

82.04

370.8

$

21.41

$

59.84

$

7,598.9

Exercisable March 31, 2020 (a)

142.1

$

17.63

$

47.43

$

3,526.3

(a) The weighted average remaining contractual term for vested stock options is approximately 7.2 years.

Unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested awards is shown in the following table, dollars in thousands:

As of March 31, 2020

Unrecognized Compensation Expense
on Unvested Awards

Weighted Average
Remaining
Vesting Period

RSAs

$

12,175

1.6 years

Stock options

2,489

1.2 years

Total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested awards

$

14,664

Our RSAs with performance-based conditions are evaluated on a quarterly basis with adjustments to compensation expense based on the likelihood of the performance target being achieved or exceeded.  The following table shows the range of payouts and the related expense for our outstanding RSAs with performance-based conditions, in thousands:

Payout Ranges and Related Expense

RSAs with Performance-Based Conditions

Grant Date Fair Value

0%

25%

100%

200%

February 19, 2018

$

2,052

$

$

513

$

2,052

$

4,104

February 18, 2019

$

2,477

$

$

619

$

2,477

$

4,954

February 17, 2020

$

2,938

$

$

735

$

2,938

$

5,876

During the first quarter of 2020, RSAs with performance-based conditions that were granted on February 21, 2017 vested based on cumulative three-year achievement of 200%. Total compensation expense recognized over the three-year performance period, net of forfeitures, was $3.3 million.

The fair value of our RSAs with a market-based condition granted under the 2015 LTIP was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation.  The following are key inputs in the Monte Carlo analysis for awards granted in 2020 and 2019:

2020

2019

Measurement period (in years)

2.88

2.87

Risk free interest rate

1.40

%

2.50

%

Dividend yield

0.00

%

0.00

%

Estimated fair value of market-based RSAs at grant date

$

158.24

$

80.74

The fair values of stock options granted under the 2015 LTIP were calculated using the Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model.  The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of stock options granted in 2020 and 2019:

2020

2019

Risk free interest rate

1.53

%

2.59

%

Expected volatility, using historical return volatility and implied volatility

31.50

%

32.50

%

Expected life (in years)

6.0

6.0

Dividend yield

0.00

%

0.00

%

Estimated fair value of stock options at grant date

$

39.49

$

21.16